McGehee

128th Distinguished Research Lectureship: Michael McGehee

Daniel Morton — Tue, 13 Oct 2026 15:42:19 +0000

128th Distinguished Research Lectureship: Michael McGehee Daniel Morton Tue, 10/13/2026 - 09:42

Daniel Morton

Michael McGehee, Patten Chair Professor in Chemical and Biological Engineering, and RASEI Fellow, has been selected as a ��ñ�� 2026-2027 Distinguished Research Lecturer.

Harnessing Sunlight and Mentoring Startup Founders to Address Climate Change

Michael McGehee

Wednesday, November 18, 2026

4:00 - 5:00 PM

Chancellors Hall and Auditorium, CASE

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The Distinguished Research Lectureship is among the highest honors bestowed by the faculty of ��ñ�� upon a faculty member. The selection is made based on the scholarship, research, and creative achievement of the nominee, in this case recognizing McGehee’s mission to use materials science to mitigate and combat the impacts of climate change.

Research in the McGehee group has deep roots in using nanoscience to solve big problems. Earning his undergraduate degree in Physics from Princeton University in 1994, Mike moved across the country to the University of California at Santa Barbara to pursue his graduate studies. Working in the lab of Alan Heeger (Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 2000 with Alan MacDiarmid for “their discovery and development of conductive polymers”), Mike designed and built a polymer-based laser, triggering a fascination with how materials emit and absorb light. Completing his Ph.D. studies in 1999, Mike moved north, joining the faculty of Stanford University in 2000 where he began his independent research career. The McGehee group moved to ��ñ�� in 2018.

Research in the McGehee group set out with one ‘simple’ mission statement, to use materials science to prevent climate change. This has provided a rich space for scientific investigation, delivering an excellent forum for group members to explore new directions and ideas and for the team to build successful collaborations across academia and industry, as well as address some of the most pressing challenges. Two key areas have emerged in recent years that will form the basis of this year’s lecture, one focused on how we harvest energy from light, the other on how we regulate light. While the lecture is built around these scientific challenges, McGehee emphasizes that the main thread of the talk, that is foundational to the science, is the culture and approach to research that his team has established.

Early work in the McGehee group set out with the aim of creating a solar technology that would provide at least 20 % of the world’s energy. The goal was to use organic molecules to harvest the energy, replacing the conventional silicon-based cells. Solar cells based on these organic molecules offer several benefits, being flexible instead of rigid makes manufacturing more affordable (taking advantage of printing approaches), producing a more robust device, and offering new form factors. Though the promise of organic solar cells has yet to be realized, McGehee’s team identified a promising approach along the way, inventing perovskite tandem solar cell technology. This device architecture stacks a layer of new material, so-called perovskites, on top of the silicon layers present in conventional solar cells. One might think that by adding a layer on top of solar cell you would decrease the efficiency of how it absorbs light, (like putting on sunglasses over the absorber), but in this case the opposite is true. Sunlight is made up of a range of wavelengths, think about the rainbow going from the low energy reds through to the high energy violets. Silicon absorbs best at the low energy end, essentially absorbing the red and orange wavelengths. The perovskite materials absorb at the higher wavelengths, harvesting the energy of the blue and violet wavelengths. By stacking these on top of each other more energy from the sun is collected overall and less is lost to waste heat. The McGehee group has developed tandem perovskite-silicon solar cells that are 30 % more efficient than current conventional silicon solar cells. This technology is now being advanced by more than a dozen companies, including spinouts from the McGehee group Swift Solar and Tandem PV working to manufacture the next generation of solar panels in the United States. McGehee now leads the DOE-funded TEAMUP consortium of academic, national lab and industrial partners focused on solving the challenges associated with scaling and commercializing this technology.

The environmental impacts of energy can be mitigated not just by changing how we generate electricity, but also how we use it. Improving the efficiency of technologies reduces the consumption, cost, and impact of their energy use. Buildings account for around 30 % of global energy demand. In advanced economies this is primarily used for heating and cooling the air. The McGehee group focused on how they could control sunlight, in this case regulating how it enters buildings. Occupants want the insulation of a wall but with the transparency of glass – no one wants to live in a dark box! The group explored the use of electrochromic materials, materials that change their light transmission characteristics upon the application of a voltage. The group invented windows with adjustable tinting that can reduce heating, cooling, and lighting costs in buildings by an estimated 20 %. Tynt Technologies, founded in 2020, is commercializing this smart window technology, demonstrating an industry-leading light transmission range, from 0.01 % - 90 % transmission.

Talk to McGehee about his research and you find someone who is passionate and excited to solve big problems and apply new scientific ideas in making an impact on society. Rapidly the conversation turns to talk about his current and former team members and all of the great work they are doing. There is an enormous sense of pride in their achievements. Students who have worked in the McGehee group have now founded 22 companies, making an impact across a wide range of technologies. The scope of them is broad, manufacturing everything from solar cells and thermal storage materials, through circuits that connect batteries in electric vehicles and electrodes in batteries, to energy efficient windows, flexible OLED displays and microLED displays for augmented reality eyewear. This breadth of exploration is testament to a training that encourages the development of a problem-solving approach that can be leveraged to work on many different problems. As part of this lecture McGehee will explain what he has learned about what the startup founders he has mentored do that makes them successful, especially when they turn their attention to problems that are unrelated to the ones they addressed as students. These lessons are the basis of what McGehee teaches in the new Boulder Climate Ventures course at ��ñ��.

Mike McGehee and Kevin Coakley at CelLink

Outside of work Mike makes the most of what the Front Range has to offer. With a love of the outdoors he can most often be found hiking, biking, or teaching his kids to rock climb.

The ��ñ�� Distinguished Research Lectureship has recognized some incredible talent from across the university. Mike McGehee will deliver the 128^th Distinguished Research Lecture at 4 PM November 18, 2026, we suggest you make plans to attend to find out more about this pioneer materials research for environmental challenges, and how to foster a collaborative and entrepreneurial culture.

OCTOBER 2026

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The Hidden Chemistry Inside Tomorrow’s Solar Cells

Daniel Morton — Thu, 23 Jul 2026 16:06:02 +0000

The Hidden Chemistry Inside Tomorrow’s Solar Cells Daniel Morton Thu, 07/23/2026 - 10:06

Daniel Morton

Researchers uncover why perovskite solar cells degrade under reverse bias, opening new pathways to longer-lasting solar technologies.

Researchers just figured out why perovskite solar cells break down surprisingly easily under partial shading, and how to stop it. Perovskite solar cells are among the most promising candidates for the next generation of solar technology. They can convert sunlight into electricity with remarkable efficiency while offering the potential for lower manufacturing costs than today’s silicon-based panels. Before they can be scaled and deployed, there are some critical challenges to be solved, including ensuring the cells remain stable for decades under real-world conditions. A central question has been what happens when a perovskite solar panel is pushed into an unusual electrical state known as reverse bias.

Like all solar panels, perovskite solar cells occasionally experience reverse bias, an unusual electrical condition that can occur when part of the solar panel is shaded while the rest is in full sunlight. It has long been known that reverse bias quickly damages perovskite devices, but the pieces were not all fitting together. Current flowing through the cell under reverse bias is at the heart of the problem, and there are two ways this can happen. The first is apparent if the materials have big defects, electrons bolt through those defects like lightning and fry the cell, an acute failure mechanism. The second mechanism happens even in cells where those large defects are avoided or covered up, current can flow by a process known as quantum tunneling; much like taking a short-cut through interfaces in the cell. This current flows everywhere and while it is less abrupt than electrons flowing through defects, it will cause degradation in the cell over time. This gradual problem is much harder to understand because seeing these subtler processes in the cell is not easy. Existing theories explained parts of the problem, but they couldn’t fully account for how quickly some cells degraded or why certain device architectures proved far more resilient than others. Something important was happening inside the device that researchers couldn’t yet see.

Late last year, in October of 2025, a report led by RASEI Fellow Michael McGehee, a Professor at the ��ñ��, in collaboration with researchers at the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR; then named NREL), that explored the underlying mechanisms of the abrupt failure mechanisms of perovskite films under reverse-bias was published in Joule. The team identified that the defects were the sites of failure and demonstrated how to create films without defects that were much more robust to exposure to reverse bias.

To explore and better understand the gradual mechanism for degradation Michael McGehee assembled a new team of collaborators with the required expertise, including the groups of Edward Sargent from Northwestern University, Neal Armstrong at the University of Arizona, David Ginger at the University of Washington, and Joey Luther another RASEI Fellow at NLR. Together they combined advanced time-resolved electrical measurements, device modeling and materials characterization to watch how perovskite solar cells responded under reverse bias conditions, just published in Joule. Rather than just observing the damage, they set out to answer the key question of what hidden process was driving it?

The layers inside a solar cell create an energy landscape that electrons must navigate to get through the cell. By design, the interfaces act as energy “mountains” separating two valleys where electrons can be. Under reverse bias, ideally electrons cannot get over (or through) the mountain; the mountain is wide enough to keep electrons where they belong, and no current flows. Using these advanced measurement techniques, the team, led by Kell Fremouw (a Graduate Student in the McGehee group) and Ryan DeCrescent (a Research Associate with the McGehee group) was able to investigate the current-flow and degradation mechanism in remarkable detail. They were able to uncover a hidden process that had largely escaped attention: Under reverse bias, electrochemical reactions inside the solar cell weren’t just moving charged particles around as previously thought, they were actually creating new mobile ions. As these newly created ions redistribute and accumulate near interfaces, they gradually reshape the energy mountain, making it thinner until quantum tunneling becomes easy, and making it much easier for damaging current to pass through. Essentially the shifting chemistry was changing the device physics, providing important insights into why some device architectures show electrical breakdown and degrade much faster than existing models could explain.

These observations underlined an important perspective about these devices. Rather than simply behaving as electronic devices that move electrical charge, the cells also function as tiny chemical systems, with electrochemical reactions reshaping their internal structure under certain conditions. The initial device physics governs the ion creation, and the ion creation changes the device physics; this is an important feedback loop that can accelerate degradation. Identifying the hidden chemistry gives the researchers a much clearer picture of why the degradation occurs, and possible ways to prevent it.

Based on these findings, the team was able to identify where to intervene. The answer isn’t to try and repair the damage after it has begun, but to stop the chemical reactions from starting in the first place. By improving on the ultra-thin transport layers inside the device, the so-called hole transport layer (or HTL), the researchers showed that they could block the reactions responsible for creating new mobile ions. This solution is one that doesn’t require new equipment or exotic new materials, the team used standard materials and procedures but ensured that the layer placed in the device was very smooth, improving the coverage of the layer. With the electrical landscape preserved, the pathway to damaging currents remains closed, helping the cells maintain their performance for longer.

This new work, in combination with the study published last year, provides a holistic view of the two pathways that lead to perovskite decomposition under reverse bias. Importantly, both studies go beyond just observing the problem, they offer proven approaches to solve the abrupt and gradual degradation pathways. Preventing reverse bias degradation is a crucial component for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

For devices that may one day be expected to operate for decades on rooftops and in solar farms around the world, understanding the failure points is as important as improving efficiency. Efficiency will often get the headlines, but durability and resilience will decide whether perovskites make it onto a rooftop. This work doesn’t just observe and explain a failure mode, it provides a solution for one of the major challenges to scaling this new technology.

JULY 2027

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The solar cell that moonlights as an LED, and does both better

Daniel Morton — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 22:30:02 +0000

The solar cell that moonlights as an LED, and does both better Daniel Morton Mon, 04/27/2026 - 16:30

Daniel Morton

Imagine a display that harvests ambient light when it is not actively in use, offsetting some of its own energy consumption. The materials physics shows that this is possible, the same semiconductor material can, in principle, emit and absorb light efficiently. What has been missing is a device architecture that allows it to do both without reductions in efficiency of either application. A new study reports a perovskite diode that converts sunlight to electricity at 26.7% efficiency (a world record at the time of publication submission) and emits light at 31% efficiency, figures that would be high for a device designed to do only one of those things.

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EurekAlert!

The Brighter Side

Metal-halide perovskites are a class of materials named for their distinctive crystal structure, that have emerged over the past decade as some of the most promising candidates for next-generation solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). They are relatively inexpensive to produce, can be tuned to absorb or emit different wavelengths of light, and have shown efficiency levels that rival far more costly semiconductor materials. Yet despite sharing the same underlying material, perovskite solar cells and perovskite LEDs have largely been developed as separate technologies, because the physical requirements of each push device design in opposite directions. A collaborative study published in Joule by a team led by Michael McGehee at the ��ñ��, and Jixian Xu at the University of Science and Technology of China, now demonstrates that this conflict can be resolved, and that resolving it improves both devices at once.

The challenge of doing two things at once

The tension between perovskite LEDs and solar cells comes down to a question of thickness. An effective LED needs an extremely thin, discontinuous layer of perovskite, typically around 50 nanometers (roughly one thousandth the width of a human hair), because thin, slightly uneven films naturally scatter light outward, helping photons escape the device. A solar cell, by contrast, needs a layer roughly sixteen times thicker to absorb enough incoming sunlight and convert it into electricity efficiently. For years, this meant that researchers optimizing a perovskite LED were building something poorly suited to harvesting solar energy, and vice versa. Thanks to these different needs the two applications have followed separate architectural paths, and devices that attempted to do both tended to do neither particularly well.

There is a further complication. Even in a well-made perovskite LED device, much of the light generated inside never escapes. When a photon (a particle of light) is produced inside the material, it travels outward and hits the surface. If it arrives at too steep an angle, it is reflected back inside rather than escaping, a phenomenon governed by the physics of how light moves between materials with different optical properties. Once trapped, that photon bounces around until it is absorbed by a microscopic defect in the material and converted to heat, essentially wasted energy. Reducing these losses requires both giving trapped photons a better route out and patching the defects that absorb them along the way. These have typically been treated as separate engineering problems.

A useful way to think about what the team describe in this research is to consider what a texture does to a pane of glass. Smooth, flat glass transmits light reasonably well in one direction, but offers little control over what happens to light approaching from awkward angles. Some passes through, some reflects, and the behavior is largely determined by the geometry. A textured or patterned surface changes this: by introducing deliberate variations in the surface structure, light arriving from many different angles can be redirected more usefully, whether that means bending it inward toward an internal target (for a solar cell) or redirecting it outward toward an observer (for an LED). The same surface feature serves both directions of travel. The team's approach works on a closely related principle, applied to structures far smaller than any surface texture visible to the naked eye, and with the added benefit that the material forming those structures also repairs the defects that were previously wasting energy as heat.

Building porous textured sponges

Building on earlier collaborative work published in Science in 2023, by McGehee and Xu, which demonstrated that porous alumina nanoplates (a form of aluminum oxide) could reduce energy losses at perovskite interfaces, the team set out to extend that principle into a more sophisticated architecture. The key advance was developing a method to assemble alumina nanoparticles into micrometer-sized islands (each around five micrometers across and half a micrometer tall) embedded within the perovskite device. The assembly process uses electrostatic attraction: two populations of alumina nanoparticles are given opposite surface charges, and when mixed, they cluster together naturally into porous, sponge-like islands. One population is treated with a negatively charged molecule (Me-4PACz) and the other population treated with a positively charged molecule (ODA). The team refer to these as e-Al₂O₃, where the "e" denotes “electrostatic” assembly.

The porous sponge-like structure is critical. Earlier approaches to introducing low-refractive-index materials (materials that are less optically dense than the surrounding perovskite) into LED devices tended to block the flow of electrical charge, undermining device performance. Because the e-Al₂O₃ islands are porous, the perovskite material can grow through them, maintaining electrical contact with the electrode beneath. The islands therefore redirect light without interrupting the charge transport the device depends on.

The surface treatments applied to the alumina nanoparticles were designed to serve a second, equally important function. The molecules used to give the particles their opposite charges are the same molecules known to passivate perovskite surfaces, essentially chemically neutralizing the defects where energy can be lost as heat. The surface recombination velocity, a measure of how quickly electrical charges are lost at interfaces, dropped from 20.2 cm/s in a flat control device to 1.4 cm/s in the e-Al₂O₃ device. This brings the rate of energy loss at the interface close to levels seen in high-performance silicon solar cells.

With defect losses suppressed to this degree, a useful secondary effect called photon recycling becomes significant. When a photon is generated inside the perovskite and would otherwise be trapped and lost, it now has a reasonable chance of being reabsorbed by the material and re-emitted, effectively getting a second, or third, attempt to find an exit. This would be counterproductive in a defect-rich material, because each reabsorption event would risk the photon being lost to heat. However, with defects minimized, photon recycling amplifies the benefit of the improved light routing, pushing external efficiency higher than the geometry of the device alone would predict.

Operated as a solar cell, the e-Al₂O₃ device achieved an externally certified stabilized power-conversion efficiency of 26.7%. At the time this work was submitted for publication this cell held the world record for the power conversion efficiency for perovskite devices (held between 05/2024 – 02/2025). Operated as an LED with the same 800 nm thick perovskite layer, the device reached an external quantum efficiency of approximately 31%, meaning roughly 31 out of every 100 injected electrons produced a photon that successfully escaped the device. Radiance (a measure of light output intensity) was nearly ten times higher than the flat control device. Across both operating modes, the e-Al₂O₃ devices also showed meaningfully improved long-term stability, retaining 95% of their initial solar cell efficiency after 1,200 hours of continuous operation, compared with 67% for the flat control.

The authors note that this combination of greater than 26% solar cell efficiency and greater than 30% LED efficiency in a single polycrystalline device is, across all photovoltaic materials, only the second time this has been demonstrated, the first being single-crystal gallium arsenide, a material that is substantially more expensive and more difficult to manufacture at scale.

The practical implication of a device that converts sunlight to electricity efficiently and emits light efficiently is not merely academic. Displays that harvest ambient light to extend battery life, or lighting systems that recover energy when not actively in use, become more plausible when the same device architecture serves both functions without meaningful compromise in either. More fundamentally, the work demonstrates that the long-standing separation between emissive and photovoltaic device design is not a physical inevitability but an engineering problem, one that careful co-optimization of optical and electronic properties can address.

April 2026

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The case of the vanishing seeds: How curiosity-driven research is future-proofing “Smart Windows”

Daniel Morton — Tue, 27 Jan 2026 17:02:14 +0000

The case of the vanishing seeds: How curiosity-driven research is future-proofing “Smart Windows” Daniel Morton Tue, 01/27/2026 - 10:02

Daniel Morton

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Have you ever walked into a room on a glorious Colorado summer day and felt the heat radiating through the glass?

We usually solve this by cranking up the air conditioning or closing the blinds, losing our mountain view in the process. But what if the window itself could think? A team led by Mike McGehee, a Fellow at RASEI, describes research that improves the robustness of such a device.

For years researchers have been working on “smart windows”, devices that could “sense” the conditions outside and “react” to them. This investigation centers around a promising technology called Reversible Metal Electrodeposition (RME). The technical details of this process are complex, but you can understand the concept by thinking of it as a reversible coat of paint. At the flip of a switch, a thin layer of metal, in this case silver, spreads across the glass to form a layer that tints it, blocking out the heat and the glare. Flip the switch again and the silver dissolves back into a clear liquid, making the window transparent.

Buildings are responsible for consuming around 40% of all generated energy globally, much of which is expended in regulating the temperature, heating and cooling the building interior. Installing smart windows that can react to the environmental conditions could provide a very effective mechanism to reduce energy use and slash energy bills by automatically managing how much heat enters a room. It has been estimated that just by controlling the amount of sunlight that is let into a building through a window, we could cut energy bills by up to as much as 20%.

However, there have been a number of challenges to overcome in order to take this initial discovery from the lab to a product that can be deployed for use in buildings. One challenge is that early versions of these windows started out fast but grew “lazy” over time. After a few thousand uses the tinting / de-tinting process slowed, taking almost four times longer than it did on day one.

This is where the researchers undertook some detailed investigations to identify what was going on, and what could be done to fix it. A collaboration between the McGehee group (at the ��ñ��) and the Barile Group (at the University of Nevada) set out to find out exactly what was happening. The team decided to look closer, using a combination of high-powered x-rays and electrochemical tests. The windows were using tiny “seeds” of platinum to help the silver grow on the glass. Platinum is recognized for being tough and non-reactive, and so should be perfect as a nucleation point for the silver. Using these advanced techniques the team explored exactly what was happening to the platinum seeds during the clearing phase, when the silver “paint” is stripped away.

To their surprise, the platinum was not as tough as they initially thought. In the special liquid environment needed for the windows, the platinum seeds were actually dissolving and washing away when the window was switched to clear. As the number of seeds dropped, the silver had fewer locations to grow from, which was the cause behind the window tinting slowing.

This led the team to ask the question “What can we do to make the seeds more resilient?”, which led them to use gold in place of platinum. While gold and platinum are both precious metals, in water, which is the solvent used inside the window panels, gold is more stable and less susceptible to decomposition and dissolving. When they swapped the platinum seeds for gold ones, the results were immediate. Even after 7,500 cycles, the equivalent of years of daily use, the windows transitioned just as fast as the first time they were used.

These gold-based windows provide an exciting range of opportunities. Not only because of their improved stability over many thousands of cycles, but also because they can express multiple colors by varying the voltage, a feature of the size of the gold particles. This presents opportunities for their use in displays and communications devices. This technology offers a better, smarter window that could passively save significant amounts of energy if deployed in commercial and residential buildings. This work shows how the impact of making fundamental chemical changes can unlock the potential of new technologies.

January 2026

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Nickel-oxide hole-transport layers prevent abrupt reverse-bias breakdown and permanent shorting of perovskite solar cells caused by pinhole defects

Daniel Morton — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 00:25:38 +0000

Nickel-oxide hole-transport layers prevent abrupt reverse-bias breakdown and permanent shorting of perovskite solar cells caused by pinhole defects Daniel Morton Mon, 01/12/2026 - 17:25

EES SOLAR, 2026, ASAP

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Photophysical Properties and Phase Behavior of Ultrawide Photovoltaic Bandgap Cesium–Lead-Based Triple Halide Perovskites

Daniel Morton — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:19:00 +0000

Photophysical Properties and Phase Behavior of Ultrawide Photovoltaic Bandgap Cesium–Lead-Based Triple Halide Perovskites Daniel Morton Mon, 01/05/2026 - 17:19

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS, 2026, ASAP

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Enhancing the Cycle Life of Reversible Silver Electrodeposition Optical Devices with Durable Gold Seed Particles

Daniel Morton — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 18:40:58 +0000

Enhancing the Cycle Life of Reversible Silver Electrodeposition Optical Devices with Durable Gold Seed Particles Daniel Morton Thu, 12/04/2025 - 11:40

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES, 2025, 17, 50, 68212-68217

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Six RASEI Fellows featured among the 2025 Clarivate highly cited researchers

Daniel Morton — Thu, 20 Nov 2025 16:09:48 +0000

Six RASEI Fellows featured among the 2025 Clarivate highly cited researchers Daniel Morton Thu, 11/20/2025 - 09:09

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RIO Highlight

NLR Highlight

Six RASEI Fellows highlighted as Clarivate Highly Cited Researchers in their 2025 list. Congratulations to Matt Beard, Joe Berry, Joey Luther, Mike McGehee, Mike Toney, and Merritt Turetsky!

Each year Clarivate, the parent company of Web of Science, performs an evaluation and selection process to identify and recognize researchers whose exceptional and community-wide contributions shape the future of science, technology, and academia globally. The evaluation is an evolving process, which employs criteria to address issues including hyper-prolific authorship, excessive self-citation, anomalous publication and citation patterns and profiles, in an attempt to ensure that recognized researchers meet the benchmarks they have developed.

This provides a mechanism to provide a snapshot of the global research landscape of current top-tier research talent, providing insights on global research and innovation trends.

In 2025 Clarivate designated 7131 Highly Cited Researcher awards to 6868 individuals. (Some researchers were recognized in more than one category).

This recognition highlights the cutting-edge research being done by the RASEI community. Congratulations again to our Fellows.

November 2025

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Toward Fullerene-Free PIN Perovskite Solar Cells

Daniel Morton — Wed, 19 Nov 2025 00:28:58 +0000

Toward Fullerene-Free PIN Perovskite Solar Cells Daniel Morton Tue, 11/18/2025 - 17:28

ACS ENERGY LETTERS, 2025, 10, 12, 6307-6317

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Boulder Climate Ventures Ignites Climate Tech Momentum with Fall Series

Daniel Morton — Thu, 16 Oct 2025 14:32:00 +0000

Boulder Climate Ventures Ignites Climate Tech Momentum with Fall Series Daniel Morton Thu, 10/16/2025 - 08:32

October 2025

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